Spring 2003 The First Amendment

 

The First Amendment

 

 

Prof. Jack M. Balkin

 

Note: All references to page numbers refer to Stone, Seidman, Sunstein and Tushnet, The First Amendment (1st ed. 1999). References to the Supplemental Materials contained in this packet are noted as “Supp.”

 

Part I– Introduction

 

1. Introduction: Early History of the First Amendment

  • Note: Terrorism and the First Amendment, Supp. pp. 1-2

  • Notes and Shaffer v. United States, pp. 19-21
  • Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten and Notes, pp. 21-23
  • Schenck v. United States and Notes, pp. 23-27
  • Frohwerk v. United States, pp. 27-28
  • Debs v. United States, pp. 28-29
  • Abrams v. United States and Notes, pp. 29-34
  • Notes on the history of the first amendment, pp. 3-8
  • Notes on justifications for free speech, pp. 8-16

2. The Early Twentieth Century and the McCarthy Era

  • Gitlow v. United States and Notes, pp. 34-40

  • Whitney v. California and Notes, pp. 40-47
  • Dennis v. United States and Notes, pp. 47-55

3. The Modern Formulation– Seditious Advocacy and True Threats

  • Notes and Brandenburg v. Ohio, pp. 55-61

  • Bridges v. California and Notes, pp. 61-66
  • Note on Rice v. Palladin Enterprises and the Nuremberg Files, Supp., p. 3
  • Planned Parenthood v. ACLA, Supp., pp. 4-6

4. Vagueness and Overbreadth

  • Notes and Gooding v. Wilson, pp. 105-116

5. Prior Restraints

  • Note on Prior Restraint, p. 116-117

  • Near v. Minnesota and Notes, pp. 123-130
  • Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart and Notes, pp. 88-90
  • New York Times Co. v. United States and Notes, pp. 90-101
  • Note on the Progressive Controversy, pp. 101-104
  • Lovell v. Griffin and Notes, pp. 117-118
  • Freedman v. Maryland and Notes, pp. 121-123

6. What is Speech?

  • Notes and United States v. O’Brien, pp. 349-359

  • Notes and Texas v. Johnson, pp. 359-364
  • Barnes v. Glen Theatre, pp. 364-367
  • City of Erie v. Pap’s A.M., Supp., pp. 7-9
  • Note on Political Boycotts, pp. 367-369
  • Village of Schaumberg v. Citizens for a Better Environment and Notes, pp. 369-371
  • Bernstein v. United States Department of Justice, Supp., pp. 10-18

 

Part II– Regulation of Content

 

7. Defamation and Privacy

  • Note on “Low Value Speech”, pp. 131

  • New York Times v. Sullivan and Notes, pp. 132-142
  • Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts and Notes, pp. 142-143
  • Gertz v. Robert Welch and Notes, pp. 143-151
  • Dun and Bradstreet v. Greenmoss Builders and Notes, pp. 151-154
  • Hustler Magazine v. Falwell and Notes, pp. 154-156
  • Cox Broadcasting v. Cohn and Notes, pp. 156-161
  • Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia and Notes, pp. 86-88
  • Bartnicki v. Volper, Supp., pp. 19-20
  • Note on privacy and the collection of personal and consumer data, Supp., p. 21

8. Fighting Words and the Hostile Audience

  • Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire and Notes, pp. 78-84

  • Terminello v. Chicago, p. 67
  • Cantwell v. Connecticut and Notes, pp. 67-71
  • Feiner v. New York and Notes, pp. 71-75
  • Edwards v. South Carolina and Notes, pp. 75-76
  • Cox v. Louisiana, pp. 76-77
  • Gregory v. City of Chicago and Notes, p. 77-78

9. Pornography and Obscenity

  • Notes and Roth v. United States, pp. 188-197

  • Miller v. United States, pp. 197-200
  • Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton and Notes, pp. 200-209
  • Ashcroft v. ACLU, Supp., pp. 22
  • New York v. Ferber and Notes, pp. 209-211
  • Ashcroft v. The Free Speech Coallition, Supp., pp. 23-26
  • Notes on Procedural Features of the Regulation of Obscenity, pp. 211-213
  • Note on Pornography and the Victimization of Women, pp. 267-272
  • MacKinnon, Only Words, Supp., pp. 27-47
  • Dworkin, Women and Pornography, Supp., pp. 48-52
  • Posner, Review of MacKinnon, Supp., pp. 53-58

10. Secondary Effects and Zoning of Sexually Explicit Expression

  • Young v. American Mini Theatres, pp. 240-244

  • City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres and Notes, pp. 244-247
  • City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Supp., pp. 59-60

11. Offensive Speech and the Captive Audience

  • Cohen v. California and Notes, pp. 214-222

  • Erznoznick v. City of Jacksonville, pp. 222-223

12. Offensive Speech and the Protection of Children

  • FCC v. Pacifica Foundation and Notes, pp. 223-230

  • Sable Communications v. FCC and Notes, pp. 1297
  • Action for Children’s Television v. FCC (ACT III), Supp., pp. 61-82
  • Balkin, Media Filters and the V-Chip, Supp., pp. 83-105
  • TV Parental Guidelines, Supp., pp. 106
  • Meese v. Keene, Supp., pp. 107-109
  • Denver Area Educational Telecommunications Consortium, Inc. v. FCC, pp. 236-240
  • Reno v. ACLU, pp. 230-236
  • ACLU v. Reno (The COPA Case), Supp., pp. 110-127
  • Note on Ashcroft v. ACLU (Reversing 3d circuit decision in ACLU v. Reno), Supp., pp. 128
  • United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc., Supp., pp. 129-131
  • American Amusement Machine Assn., v. Kendrick, Supp., pp. 132

13. Group Libel and Racist Speech

  • Beauharnais v. Illinois and Notes, pp. 247-255

  • Notes on the Skokie Controversy, pp. 84-86
  • R.A.V. v. St. Paul, pp. 255-262
  • Wisconsin v. Mitchell and Notes, pp. 262-267
  • Black v. Commonwealth of Virginia, Supp., pp. 133-151

14. Sexual and Racial Harassment in the Workplace

  • Note on Workplace Harassment, pp. 266-67

  • Balkin, Some Realism about Pluralism, Supp., pp. 152-180
  • Balkin, Free Speech and Hostile Environments, Supp., pp. 181-208
  • Avis Rent A Car System, Inc., v. Aguilar, Supp., pp. 209-212
  • Note on Labor Disputes and the First Amendment, pp. 186-187

15. Commercial Speech

  • Note and Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Council, pp. 161-171

  • Note on Truthful, Nondeceptive Commercial Advertising, pp. 171-172
  • Central Hudson Gas v. Public Service Commission of New York, pp. 172-173
  • Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego, pp. 173-174
  • Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico and Notes, pp. 174-175
  • Florida Bar v. Went For It and Notes, pp. 176-179
  • Liquormart Inc. v. Rhode Island and Notes, pp. 179-181
  • Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Ass’n, Inc., v. United States, Supp., p. 213
  • Note on Additional Limitations on the Protection of Commercial Speech, pp. 182-186
  • Thompson v. Western States Medical Center, Supp., pp. 214-217
  • Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly and Notes, Supp., pp. 218-221
  • Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliott; United States v. United Foods, Supp., pp. 222
  • Kasky v. Nike, Supp., pp. 223-258

Part III– Regulation of Access and Manner of Expression

 

16. Time, Place and Manner Regulation

  • Notes and Schneider v. State, pp. 275-276

  • Martin v. City of Struthers, pp. 276-277
  • Kovacs v. Cooper, pp. 277-278
  • Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego and Notes, pp. 278-280
  • City of Ladue v. Gilleo, pp. 280-283
  • Note on Content Neutrality, pp. 283-286
  • Notes and Police Department of Chicago v. Mosley, pp. 309-316

17. The Public Forum

  • Note and Commonwealth v. Davis, pp. 286-287

  • Hague v. CIO and Notes, pp. 287-288
  • Schneider v. State and Notes, pp. 288-289
  • Notes on Regulating the Public Forum, pp. 289-290
  • Thomas v. Chicago Park District; Watchtower Bible & Tract Society v. Village of Stratton, Supp., p. 259
  • Frisby v. Shultz, pp. 290-291
  • Clark v. Committee for Creative Non-Violence, pp. 291
  • Ward v. Rock Against Racism, pp. 291-292
  • Madsen v. Women’s Health Center, Inc., p. 292
  • Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York, pp. 293-294
  • Hill v. Colorado, Supp., pp. 260-261
  • Cox v. New Hampshire and Notes, pp. 294-295
  • Murdock v. Pennsylvania and Notes, pp. 295-296
  • Balkin, Some Realism about Pluralism, Supp. pp. 152-180

18. Access to Government Property– Nonpublic forums

  • Note and Adderly v. Florida, pp. 296-299

  • Greer v. Spock, pp.299-300
  • Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness and Notes, pp. 300-301
  • U.S. Postal Service v. Council of Greenburgh Civic Associations, p. 301
  • Lehman v. City of Shaker Heights and notes, pp. 316-322
  • City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent, p. 302
  • United States v. Kokinda and Notes, pp. 302-303
  • International Society for Krishna Consciousness v. Lee, pp. 303-306
  • Perry Educators’ Association v. Perry Local Educator’s Association and Notes, pp. 322-324
  • Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, pp. 324-325
  • United States v. Kokinda, pp. 325-326
  • Lambs Chapel v. Moriches Union Free School District, pp. 326-327
  • Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of University of Virginia and Notes, pp. 327-330
  • Good News Club v. Milford Central School, Supp., pp. 262-263
  • Arkansas Educational Television Commission v. Forbes, pp. 330-333

19. Speech on Private Property and Private Fora

  • Note on Private Forums, pp. 306-309

  • Amy Harmon, Worries about Big Brother at America Online, Supp., pp. 264-267
  • AOL Terms of Service, Supp., pp. 268-170

20. Compelled Affirmation of Belief

  • West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, p. 433-434

  • Wooley v. Maynard, pp. 434-435
  • Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins, pp. 435-436
  • Pacific Gas and Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Commission, p. 436-437
  • Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston, pp. 437-438
  • Elrod v. Burns, p. 438
  • Abood v. Detroit Board of Education and Notes, pp. 438-442
  • California Democratic Primary v. Jones, Supp., p. 271
  • Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth, Supp., pp. 272-273

21. Freedom of Association

  • NAACP v. Button and Notes, pp. 393-397

  • Roberts v. U.S. Jaycees and Notes, pp. 397-400
  • Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, and Notes Supp., pp. 191-196 [Additional pages of notes],
  • 274-301
  • NAACP v. Alabama and Notes, pp. 442-444
  • Talley v. California, p. 444
  • McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, pp. 444-445
  • Buckley v. Valeo and Notes, pp. 445-447
  • Shelton v. Tucker, pp. 447-448
  • Konigsberg v. State Bar and Notes, pp. 448-450
  • Cases and Notes on Legislative and Other Government Investigations, pp. 450-452
  • Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigative Committee and Notes, pp. 452-455
  • Notes and Adler v. Board of Education, pp. 424-425
  • Elfbrandt v. Russell and Notes, pp. 425-428

22. Freedom of the Press

  • Notes and Branzburg v. Hayes, pp. 455-465

  • Pell v. Procunier and Notes, pp. 465-466
  • Houchins v. KQED and Notes, pp. 466-470
  • Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia, pp. 470-474
  • Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court and Notes, pp. 474-476
  • North Jersey Media Group, Inc. v. Ashcroft, Supp., pp. 302-326
  • Notes and Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co. v. Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue, pp. 476-481

 

Part IV– The First Amendment in the Welfare State

 

23. Government Subsidies to Speech and Government Speech

  • Spieser v. Randall, p. 427

  • Regan v. Taxation with Representation and Notes, pp. 337-338
  • Rust v. Sullivan and Notes, pp. 338-344
  • Southeastern Promotions v. Conrad, pp. 333-335
  • NEA v. Finley, pp. 344-348
  • Post Subsidized Speech, Supp., pp. 327-333
  • Fiss, The Irony of Free Speech, Supp., pp. 334-345
  • Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez and Notes, Supp., pp. 346-349

24. Broadcast Regulation: Traditional Debates

  • Miami Herald v. Tornillo and Notes, pp. 481-482

  • Red Lion v. FCC and Notes, pp. 482-492
  • Balkin, Populism and Progressivism as Constitutional Categories, Supp., pp. 350-379

25. Telecommunications Regulation: After Scarcity

  • Turner Broadcasting System v. FCC (Turner I) and Notes, pp. 493-496

  • Turner Broadcasting System v. FCC (Turner II), pp. 496-499
  • Opinion of Breyer, J, in Turner II, Supp., pp. 380-382
  • Denver Area Education Telecommunications Consortium v. FCC, pp. 236-240 (Review)
  • Reno v. ACLU, pp. 230-236 (Review)

26. Campaign Finance

  • Buckley v. Valeo and Notes, pp. 371-386

  • First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti and Notes, pp. 386-388
  • Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce and Notes, pp. 388-393
  • Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC, Supp., p. 383
  • Note on the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002, Supp., pp. 384-385
  • Republican Party of Minnesota v. White and Notes, Supp., pp. 386-387

27. Intellectual Property

  • Netanel, Locating Copyright Within the First Amendment Skein, Supp., pp. 388-413

  • Universal Studios v. Corley, Supp., pp. 414-441

28. Speech in Educational Institutions

  • Tinker v. Des Moines School District and Notes, pp. 403-406

  • Board of Education v. Pico, pp. 335-337
  • West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, pp. 433-434 (review)
  • Children’s Internet Protection Act, Supp., p. 442
  • Mainstream Loudon v. Board of Trustees of the Loudon County Library, Supp., pp. 443-467
  • American Library Association v. United States, Supp., p. 468

29. Government Employment

  • Notes and U.S. Civil Service Commission v. National Association of Letter Carriers, pp. 408-413

  • United States v. National Treasury Employees Union, pp. 412-414
  • Pickering v. Board of Education and Notes, pp. 414-420
  • Elrod v. Burns and Notes, pp. 420-423
  • Branti v. Finkel, p. 423-424
  • Notes on Subversive Advocacy and Associations, pp. 424-428
  • Snepp v. United States and Notes, pp. 428-433

 

Part V– Religious Liberty

 

30. The Establishment Clause– School Prayer, Public Displays and De Facto Establishments

  • Everson v. Board of Education and Notes, pp. 507-517

  • Note on General Approaches to the Religion Clauses, pp. 517-520
  • Note on Defining Religion, pp. 520-523
  • Lemon v. Kurtzman, p. 525
  • Notes and Lee v. Wiseman, pp. 525-536
  • Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, Supp., p. 469
  • Waltz v. Tax Commission and Notes, p. 1557-1559
  • Lynch v. Donnelly and Notes, pp. 536- 543
  • County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union and Notes, pp. 544-545 (note in particular Justice O’Connor’s test of reasonableness)
  • Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette, pp. 545-547
  • McGowan v. Maryland and Notes, pp. 547-550
  • Stone v. Graham, p. 551
  • Engel v. Vitale, p 551
  • School District of Abington Township v. Schempp. p. 551
  • Wallace v. Jaffree, pp. 551-552
  • Larson v. Valente and Notes, pp. 552-554
  • Epperson v. Arkansas, p. 554-555
  • Edwards v. Aguillard, pp. 555

31. Government Aid to Religious Institutions

  • Notes and Muller v. Allen, pp. 556-562

  • Agostini v. Felton and Notes, pp. 562-568
  • Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind, p. 568
  • Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District, pp. 568-569
  • Rosenberger v. Rectors and Visitors of the University of Virginia, p. 569-570
  • Bowen v. Kendrick and Notes, pp 570-572
  • Mitchell v. Helms, Supp., pp. 470-480
  • Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, Supp., pp. 481-514

32. Permissible Accommodations of Religion

  • Corporation of Presiding Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v. Amos and Notes, pp. 597-602

  • Texas Monthly v. Bullock and Notes, pp. 603-604
  • Board of Education of Kiryas Joel School District v. Grumet and Notes pp. 604-611
  • Good News Club v. Milford Central School, Supp., p. 262-263

33. The Free Exercise Clause

  • Note and Reynolds v. U.S. pp. 573-574

  • Braunfeld v. Brown, pp. 574-575
  • Sherbert v. Verner, pp. 575-576
  • Note on Defining Religion, pp. 520-523
  • Wisconsin v. Yoder and Notes, pp. 576-578
  • United States v. Lee, p. 578
  • Goldman v. Weinberger, pp. 579-579
  • O’Lone v. Estate of Shabazz, p. 580
  • Bowen v. Roy, p. 580
  • Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association, pp. 580-581
  • Employment Division v. Smith and Notes, pp. 581-591
  • Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, pp. 591-592
  • Religious Freedom Restoration Act, and City of Boerne v. Flores, pp. 592-593
  • Notes on Religion as Expression, pp. 593-595

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