Fall 1997 Constitutional Law
Constitutional Law
Fall 1997
Syllabus
Unless otherwise noted, all page references are to Brest and Levinson, Processes of Constitutional Decisionmaking (3d ed. 1992). References to the 1995 Supplement are designated as “1995 Supp.” Readings in the Supplemental Materials are designated as “Supp.”
1. Introduction: Interpreting the Constitution
The Constitution of the United States, pp. xli-lvi
Historical Background of the Constitution, pp. 1-7
Note on the First Bank, pp. 9-10
James Madison’s Speech on the Bank, pp. 10-13
Notes on the First Bank, pp. 13-17
Note on the Second Bank, pp. 18-19
McCulloch v. Maryland and Notes, pp. 19-49
Note on the Doctrine of Nullification, 1995 Supp., pp. 35-37
2. Judicial Review
Andrew Jackson’s Veto Message, pp. 49-57
Note on the Alien and Sedition Acts, pp. 57-68
Notes and Marbury v. Madison, pp. 69-98
3. National and State Power
A. The Marshall Court’s Approach
Gibbons v. Ogden and Notes, pp. 111-122
Note on Language, Purpose, and Meaning, pp. 123-129
B. The Taney Court’s Approach
Note on the Taney Court, pp. 141-142.
Mayor of the City of New York v. Miln and Notes, pp. 153-64
C. The Cooley Accommodation
Cooley v. Board of Wardens and Notes, pp. 164-173
Note on the Privileges and Immunities clause of Article IV and Personal Mobility, pp. 173-177
Note on the Chinese Exclusion Case, 1995 Supp., pp. 32-35
4. The Natural Law Tradition and Slavery
The Declaration of Independence, Supp., p. 1
Fletcher v. Peck and Notes, pp. 98-105
Notes on the Natural Law Tradition and Calder v. Bull, pp. 105-111
(Note particularly Barron v. City of Baltimore note 3, p. 109)
The Antelope, pp. 129-33
Notes and Swift and Tyson, pp. 151-53
Groves v. Slaughter and Notes, pp. 178-180
Prigg v. Pennsylvania and Notes, pp. 180-193
Note on Prigg, 1995 Supp., pp. 41-43
5. Constitutional Protection of Slavery
Dred Scott v. Sandford and Notes, pp. 193-206
Frederick Douglass, The Constitution of the United States: Is it Pro-Slavery or Anti-Slavery? and Notes, pp. 206-211
Note on the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, pp. 211-216
Note on the Emancipation Proclamation, pp. 223-227
Note, 1995 Supp., pp 43-44
6. Reconstruction and Reaction
A. Introduction
The Gettysburg Address, Supp., p. 2
The Historical Background of the Reconstruction Amendments, pp. 229-237
Note on the Fourteenth Amendment, 1995 Supp., pp. 45-46
The Fourteenth Amendment, pp. lii
B. The Reconstruction Amendments and Race
Strauder v. West Virginia and Notes, pp. 237-244
Dissenting Opinion of Field, J., in Ex Parte Virginia, 1995 Supp., pp. 46-48
The Civil Rights Cases and Notes, pp. 254-262
Plessy v. Ferguson and Notes, pp. 244-254
C. The Reconstruction Amendments and the Privileges and Immunities of National Citizenship
The Slaughterhouse Cases and Notes, pp. 262-278
Bradwell v. Illinois, pp. 279-280
7. The Lochner Era
A. Due Process
Notes on the Rise of Substantive Due Process, pp. 280-285
Lochner v. State of New York and Notes, pp. 285-300
B. Federalism and National Powers
Note on the Eleventh Amendment, pp. 300-02
Notes and Champion v. Ames, pp. 310-316
Hammer v. Dagenhart and Notes, pp. 317-322
Note on Hammer, 1995 Supp., pp. 49-52
Note on the Taxing and Spending Powers, pp. 322-328
8. The New Deal and the Emergence of the Modern Paradigm
A. Due Process and Economic Liberty
Nebbia v. New York and Notes, pp. 341-343
Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell and Notes, pp. 343-352
Notes and West Coast Hotel v. Parrish, pp. 352-356
B. National Power
NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. and Notes, pp. 379-381
United States v. Darby and Notes, pp. 381-384
Wickard v. Filburn and Notes, pp. 384-386
Notes on the Taxing and Spending Powers, pp. 386-390, 397-99
Katzenbach v. McClung and Notes, pp. 390-396, 399-400
9. The Modern Paradigm of Constitutional Scrutiny
A. Due Process
U.S. v. Carolene Products Co., Supp., pp. 3-10
Williamson v. Lee Optical Co. and Notes, pp. 357-362
B. Equal Protection
Notes on the Rational Basis Standard, pp. 554-579
Nordlinger v. Hahn and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 157-171
Notes on Incorporation, pp. 545-554
10. The Contemporary Debate over National Power
A. Implied Limits on Federal Regulation of the States
Notes on State Sovereignty, pp. 400-407
National League of Cities v. Usery and Notes, pp. 407-411
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority and Notes, pp. 411-422
Note on the Political Safeguards of Federalism, pp. 422-423
New York v. United States and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 108-136
Printz v. United States, Supp., pp. 11-25
B. The Reach of the Commerce Clause
United States v. Lopez and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 82-108
Note on the Freedom of Choice Act of 1993, 1995 Supp., pp.137-39
C. Congressional Power under Section 5
City of Boerne v. Flores, Supp., pp. 26-29
Text of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), Supp., pp. 30-31
D. Term Limits
U.S. Term Limits v. Thorton and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 395-439
11. The Modern Debate over Racial Equality
A. Brown and Its Legacy
Notes on the Original Understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment, pp. 581-585
Brown v. Board of Education and Notes, pp. 585-589
Notes on Original Intention, pp. 589-611
1995 Supp., pp. 173-175
B. School Desegregation
Cases and Notes on School Desegregation, pp. 611-642
Missouri v. Jenkins and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 175-202
United States v. Fordice and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 202-226
12. The Antidiscrimination Principle
Korematsu v. United States and Notes, pp. 474-480
Cases and Notes on the Antidiscrimination Principle, pp. 642-659
13. What Constitutes Discrimination Based on Race?
Note and Griggs v. Duke Power Co., pp. 687-689
Washington v. Davis and Notes, pp. 689-696
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development
Corp. and Notes, pp. 659-664
Batson v. Kentucky and Notes, pp. 664-670
Georgia v. McCollum, 1995 Supp, pp. 227-234
Note on Mixed Race Identity, 1995 Supp., pp. 234-237
Cases and Notes pp. 670-678
Lawrence, the Id, the Ego, and Equal Protection, pp. 696-700
McCleskey v. Kemp and Notes, pp. 678-686
Hunter v. Ericson and Notes, pp. 700-709
United States v. Armstrong, Supp., p. 32
14. Affirmative Action
University of California v. Bakke and Notes, pp. 709-734
Cases and Notes on Affirmative Action in Employment, pp. 734-753
Fullilove v. Klutznick, pp. 753-758
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., and Notes, pp. 758-783
Adarand Constructors v. Pena and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 237-269
Hopwood v. State of Texas, Supp., pp. 33-71
15. Majority-Minority Voting Districts
Shaw v. Reno and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 355-395
Bush v. Vera, Supp., pp. 72-78
Shaw v. Hunt, Supp., pp. 78-81
16. Gender Classifications and Gender Equality
Notes and Frontiero v. Richardson, pp. 805-820
MacKinnon, Towards a Feminist Theory of the State, pp. 842-843
Cases and Notes, pp. 821-825
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, pp. 826-829
United States v. Virginia, Supp., pp. 82-93
J.E.B. v. Alabama Ex Rel. T.B. and Notes, 1995 Supp., pp. 271-286
Note on Ascribing Sexual or Gender Identity, 1995 Supp., pp. 286-289
17. Gender Classifications and Pregnancy
Cases and Notes on Constitutional Treatment of Pregnancy pp. 830-839
Williams, Equality’s Riddle, pp. 836-839
Littleton, Reconstructing Sexual Equality, pp. 839-842
Michael M. v. Superior Court and Notes, pp. 844-854
Frances Olsen, Statutory Rape: A Feminist Critique of Rights Analysis, pp. 854-856
18. Gender Classifications and the Dilemma of Difference
Rostker v. Goldberg and Notes, pp. 856-59
Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney and Notes, pp. 859-866
Cases and Notes, pp. 866-875
Notes on the Equal Rights Amendment, pp. 875-877
19. Other Suspect Classifications
Note on Other Suspect Classifications, pp. 877-878
Graham v. Richardson and Notes, pp. 1393-1405
City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center and Notes, pp. 878-888
20. Modern Substantive Due Process: “Privacy,” Sexual Autonomy or Tradition?
Notes and Griswold v. Connecticut, pp. 943-958
Theories of Fundamental Rights Adjudication, pp. 958-68
Notes and Michael H. v. Gerald D, pp. 969-982
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health and Notes, pp. 1033-1051
Washington v. Glucksberg, Supp., pp. 94-102
Vacco v. Quill, Supp., p. 103
21. Abortion and Gender Discrimination
Roe v. Wade and Notes, pp. 982-1001
Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health and Notes, pp. 1001-1009
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 1009-1017
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey and Notes, Supp., pp. 14-32, 291-354
22. Sexual Orientation– Due Process or Equal Protection?
Bowers v. Hardwick and Notes, pp. 1018-1028
High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office and Notes, pp. 1028-1032.
Steffan v. Department of Defense, Supp., pp. 104-110
Romer v. Evans, Supp., pp. 111-120
Baehr v. Lewin, Supp., pp. 121-125
23. The Constitutional Status of the Welfare State: Rights to Government Services
Note on Constitutional Barriers to the Welfare State, 1995 Supp., pp. 441-445
Note and Deshaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, pp. 1111-1122
Shapiro v. Thompson and Notes, pp. 1210-1235
Cases and Notes on Access to Courts, pp. 1136-1148
Note on the Affirmative Right to Legal Representation, 1995 Supp., pp. 447-448
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez and Notes, pp. 1248-1266
Plyler v. Doe and Notes, pp. 1267-1276
24. The Welfare State and the Problem of Unconstitutional Conditions
Note on Unconstitutional Conditions, pp. 1186-1190
Maher v. Roe and Notes, pp. 1235-1248
Rust v. Sullivan and Notes, pp. 1199-1210
Bowen v. Gilliard, 1995 Supp., pp. 449-468
Dolan v. City of Tigard, 1995 Supp., pp. 64-82
Lyng v. International Union, United Auto Workers and Notes, pp. 1290-1299