Florida becomes the first state to enact a statute requiring segregation in places of public accommodation. Eight other states follow Florida’s lead by 1892. The practices of comprehensive racial segregation known as “Jim Crow” emerge in the final fifteen years of the nineteenth century, and racial separation becomes entrenched. Blacks largely disappear from juries in the South. Southern states begin adopting legal measures that interfere with blacks’ right to vote, including literacy tests and poll taxes, which effectively charge a fee for the right to vote. Around the turn of the century, Southern state legislatures enact increasingly restrictive labor control measures designed to coerce black agricultural workers into situations little better than slavery. In the final decades of the nineteenth century, many states pass statutes requiring segregation in railroad transportation.