Spring Semester 2016

Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and the Law

Professor Jack M. Balkin

Yale Law School

Syllabus (01232016 Version)

1. Introduction: Robotics and Cyberlaw (1/25/2016)

1. Ryan Calo, Robotics and the Lessons of Cyberlaw, http://www.californialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Calo_Robots-Cyberlaw.pdf

2. Jack M. Balkin, The Path of Robotics Law, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&context=clrcircuit

2. How to Regulate a Robot (2/01/2016)

1. Isaac Asimov, Runaround (available on course site)

2. The Golem of Prague, from A Treasury of Jewish Folklore (available on course site)

3. R.U.R. Wikipedia entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.U.R. (for an English translation of the play, see http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/c/capek/karel/rur/frontmatter.html)

4. Toyota Case: Single Bit Flip that Killed, Junko Yoshida http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1319903

5. Robin Marantz, Henig, Death By Robot, New York Times Magazine, at http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/magazine/death-by-robot.html

6. Ryan Calo, The Case for a Federal Robotics Commission, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2014/09/case-for-federal-robotics-commission pdf version at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2014/09/case-for-federal-robotics-commission/RoboticsCommissionR2_Calo.pdf?la=en

3. Robot Responsibility I: Civil Liability (2/08/2016)

1. Samir Chopra and Laurence F. White, Tort Liability for Artificial Agents, Chapter 4, from A Legal Theory for Autonomous Artificial Agents (on course website)

2. The Application of Traditional Tort Theory to Embodied Machine Intelligence, Curtis E.A. Karnow, http://works.bepress.com/curtis_karnow/9/ (18 pages)

3. Open Robotics, Ryan Calo, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1706293 (read pp 101-107; 122-140)(~25 pages)

4. Robot Responsibility II: Self-Driving Cars (2/15/2016)

1. Google’s Self-Driving Cars: 300,000 Miles Logged, Not a Single Accident Under Computer Control, Rebecca J. Rosen, The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/12/08/googles-selfdriving-cars-300000-miles-logged-not-a-single-accident-under-computer-control/260926/

2. Jack Boeglin, The Costs of Self-Driving Cars, at http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1112&context=yjolt

3. The Reasonable Self Driving Car, Bryant Walker Smith (Oct. 2013) http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2013/10/reasonable-self-driving-car

4. Ralph L. Jacobson, Baby You Can Drive My Self-Driving Car, But What if it Hits Somebody?, at http://www.gjel.com/blog/baby-you-can-drive-my-self-driving-car-but-what-if-it-hits-somebody.html

5. Matt Richtel And Conor Dougherty, Google’s Driverless Cars Run Into Problem: Cars With Drivers, New York Times, at, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/02/technology/personaltech/google-says-its-not-the-driverless-cars-fault-its-other-drivers.html?_r=0

6. Patrick Lin, The Ethics of Self-Driving Cars, The Atlantic (Oct. 8, 2013), http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/10/the-ethics-of-autonomous-cars/280360/

7. Jared Newsman, How to Make Driverless Cars Behave TIME, June 6, 2014, at: http://time.com/2837472/driverless-cars-ethics-morality/

8. From Tolley to Autonomous Vehicle (on course website)

9. Malle, et al, Sacrifice One for the Good of Many (on course website)

5. Robot Responsibility III: Criminal Liability (2/22/2016)

1. I, Robot - I, Criminal–When Science Fiction Becomes Reality: Legal Liability of AI Robots Committing Criminal Offenses, Gabriel Hallevy, Syracuse Science & Technology Law Reporter 22 (2010) http://jost.syr.edu/2010/08/02/i-robot-i-criminal-when-science-fiction-becomes-reality-legal-liability-of-ai-robots-committing-criminal-offenses/ (37 pages)

2. Drama as Police Arraign Monkeys for Robbery, http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=29452

3. The Proposed New Copyright Crime of “Aiding and Abetting”, Michael Carrier, http://blog.oup.com/2010/10/copyright-crime/

4. Ryan Calo, A Robot Really Committed a Crime, Now What?, at http://www.forbes.com/sites/ryancalo/2014/12/23/a-robot-really-committed-a-crime-now-what/

5. Swiss Public Prosecutor Seizes And Seals Work By !Mediengruppe Bitnik, at https://wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.bitnik.org/r/2015-01-15-statement/

6. John Frank Weaver, Who’s Responsible When a Twitter Bot Sends a Threatening Tweet?, Slate, at http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/02/25/who_is_responsible_for_death_threats_from_a_twitter_bot.html

6. Robot Responsibility IV: Robots and War (2/29/2016)

1. Duncan Hollis, Setting the Stage: Autonomous Legal Reasoning in International Humanitarian Law, 30 Temple Int’l & Comp. L.J. (forthcoming 2016), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2711304.

2. Rebecca Crootof, War Torts, U. Pa. L. Rev. (forthcoming 2016), Part II (“Robots Killed the Criminal Law”), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2657680.

3. Human Rights Watch & Int’l Human Rights Clinic, Harvard Law Sch., Advancing the Debate on Killer Robots: 12 Key Arguments for a Preemptive Ban on Fully Autonomous Weapons (2014), http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/Advancing%20the%20Debate_8May2014_Final.pdf.

4. Michael Schmitt, Autonomous Weapon Systems and International Humanitarian Law: A Reply to the Critics, 2013 Harv. Nat’l Sec. J. Features, http://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Schmitt-Autonomous-Weapon-Systems-and-IHL-Final.pdf.

7. Algorithmic Discrimination (3/07/2016)

1. Solon Barocas and Andrew Selbst, Big Data’s Disparate Impact, at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2477899

2. Daniel Keats Citron and Frank Pasquale, The Scored Society, Due Process for Automated Predictions, at https://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1318/89WLR0001.pdf?sequence=1

3. Claire Cain Miller, Can an Algorithm Hire Better Than a Human?, N.Y. TIMES (June 25, 2015) http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/26/upshot/can-an-algorithm-hire-better-than-a-human.html?abt=0002&abg=1.

4. Don Peck, They’re Watching You at Work, THE ATLANTIC (Nov. 20, 2013, 9:07 PM) http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/12/theyre-watching-you-at-work/354681.

8. Robot Creativity, Authorship, and Ownership I: Should AI-generated speech be protected by the First Amendment? (3/21/2016)

5. Free Speech for Computers, Tim Wu http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/20/opinion/free-speech-for-computers.html

6. Freedom of Speech and Information Produced Using Computer Algorithms, Eugene Volokh, http://www.volokh.com/2012/06/21/freedom-of-speech-and-information-produced-using-computer-algorithms/

7. Automated Arrangement of Information, Frank Pasquale, http://www.concurringopinions.com/archives/2012/06/automated-arrangement-of-information-speech-conduct-and-power.html

8. Stuart Minor Benjamin, Algorithms and Speech, 161 U. Penn. L. Rev. 1445 (2013)

9. Robot Creativity, Authorship, and Ownership II: Who Owns What Robots Write? Copyright and Patent Issues (3/28/2016)

1. Pamela Samuelson, Allocating Ownership Rights in Computer-Generated Works, 1185 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 47 (1986)

2. Annemarie Bridy, Coding Creativity: Copyright and the Artificially Intelligent Author, 2012 Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 5

3. James Grimmelman, There’s No Such Thing as a Computer-Authored Work, and It’s a Good Thing Too, at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2699862

4. Monkey Business: Can a Monkey License Its Copyrights to A News Agency? http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20110706/00200314983/monkey-business-can-monkey-license-its-copyrights-to-news-agency.shtml

5. Lauren Raab, Monkey Selfies Can’t Be Copyrighted, Federal Office Decides, L.A. Times, at http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-monkey-selfie-copyright-20140821-story.html

6. Judge Rules That Monkey Can’t Hold Copyright to Famous Selfie, CBS SFBay Area, at http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2016/01/06/judge-rules-that-monkey-cant-hold-copyright-to-famous-selfie/

7. Alex Hudson, Man or Machine: Can Robots Really Write Novels?, BBC News, at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/9764416.stm

8. Electronic Frontier Foundation, Who Will Own the Internet of Things? (Hint: Not the Users), at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/01/who-will-own-internet-things-hint-not-users

9. Liza Vertinsky & Todd M. Rice, Thinking about Thinking Machines: Implications of Machine Inventors for Patent Law, 8 B.U. Sci. & Tech L.J. 2 (2002)

10. Robots and Privacy (4/04/2016)

1. Ryan Calo, Robots and Privacy, in Robot Ethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics 187-202 (Patrick Lin et al. eds., MIT Press 2012), at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1599189

2. Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)

3. United States v. Jones, 132 S.Ct. 945 (2012)

4. Riley v. California, 134 S.Ct. 2473 (2014)

5. Woodrow Hartog, Unfair and Deceptive Robots (available on course site)

Jack M. Balkin